Articles
Betancourt, T.S., Newnham, E.A., Brennan, R.T., Verdeli, H., Borisova, I., Neugebauer, R., Bass., J., Bolton, P. Moderators of Treatment Effectiveness for War-Affected Youth with Depression in Northern Uganda. Journal of Adolescent Health. (In press)
Betancourt, T.S., Yudron, M., Wheaton, W., Smith-Fawzi, M.C. Caregiver and Adolescent Mental Health in Ethiopian Kunama Refugees Participating in an Emergency Education Program. Journal of Adolescent Health. (In press)
Betancourt, T.S., McBain, R., Newnham, E.A., Brennan, R.T. Trajectories of internalizing problems in war-affected Sierra Leonean youth: Roles of conflict and post-conflict factors. Child Development. (In press)
Williams T, Binagwaho A, Betancourt TS. Transactional sex as a form of child sexual exploitation and abuse in Rwanda: Implications for child security and protection. Child Abuse & Neglect. (In press)
Betancourt, T.S., Salhi, C., Buka, S., Leaning, J., Dunn, G., Earls, F. Connectedness, Social Support and Internalizing Emotional and Behavioral Problems in Adolescents Displaced by the Chechen Conflict. Disasters.(in press)
Kimmel AD, Daniels N, Betancourt TS, Wood R, Prosser LA. Decision maker priorities for providing antiretroviral therapy in HIV-infected South Africans: a qualitative assessment. AIDS Care. (In press)
McBain, R., Norton, D.J., Morris, J., Taghi, M.T., Betancourt, T.S. The Role of Health Systems Factors in Facilitating Access to Psychotropic Medicines: A Cross-Sectional Analysis of the WHO-AIMS in 63 Low- and Middle-Income Countries. PLoS Medicine. 2012: 9(1).
Kelly, J.T., Betancourt, T.S., Mukwege, D., Lipton, R.I., VanRooyen, M.J. Experiences of Female Survivors of Sexual Violence in Eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo: A mixed-methods study. Conflict and Health. 2011: 5(25).
Du, B.Y., Lee, C.T., Desy, C., Belfer, M.L., Betancourt, T.S., O’Rourke, E.J., Palfrey, J.S. The living environment and children’s fears following the Indonesian tsunami. Disasters. 2011: 36(3).
Betancourt, T.S., Meyers-Ohki, S.E., Stulac, S.N., Barrera, A.E., Mushashi, C. & Beardslee, W. Nothing can defeat combined hands (Abashize hamwe ntakibananira): Protective Processes and Resilience in Rwandan Children and Families Affected by HIV/AIDS. Social Science & Medicine. 2011: 73(5), 693-701.
Betancourt, T.S., Meyers-Ohki, S.E., Stevenson, A., Ingabire, C., Kanyanganzi, F., Munyana, M., Mushashi, C., Teta, T., Fayida, I., Rwabukwisi Cyamatare, F., Stulac, S., Beardslee, W.R. Using Mixed-Methods Research to Adapt and Evaluate a Family Strengthening Intervention in Rwanda. African Journal of Traumatic Stress. 2011: 2(1), 32-45.
Tol, W.A., Barbui, C., Galapatti, A., Silove, D., Betancourt, T.S., Souza, R., Golaz, A., van Ommeren, M. Mental Health and Psychosocial Support in Humanitarian Settings: Linking Practice and Research. Lancet. 2011: 378(9802), 1581-1591.
Betancourt, T.S., Borisova, I.I., de la Soudière, M., Williamson, J. Sierra Leone’s child soldiers: War exposures and mental health problems by gender. Journal of Adolescent Health. 2011:49(1), 21-28.
Betancourt, T.S. A longitudinal study of psychosocial adjustment and community reintegration among former child soldiers in Sierra Leone. International Psychiatry. 2010:7(3):60-2.
Betancourt, T. S., Rubin-Smith, J. E., Beardslee, W.R., Stulac, S. N., Fayida, I., & Safren, S. A. Understanding locally, culturally, and contextually relevant mental health problems among Rwandan children and adolescents affected by HIV/AIDS. AIDS Care. 2011; 23(4):401-12.
Betancourt T.S., Abrams E, McBain R, Fawzi M. Family-centred approaches to the prevention of mother to child transmission of HIV. Journal of the International AIDS Society. 2010;13(Suppl 2):S2.
Betancourt T.S., Borisova I., et al. Sierra Leone’s former child soldiers: A follow-up study of psychosocial adjustment and community reintegration. Child Development. 2010:81(4):1077-95.
Zraly, M., Betancourt, T.S., Rubin-Smith, J. Primary mental health care for survivors of collective sexual violence: findings from Rwanda and implications for services in the great lakes region. Global Public Health. Available online 22 July 2010.
Desmond, C., Betancourt, T.S., Garvey, B. Firelight Special Issue: Costs and Care. Vulnerable Children and Youth Studies. 2010: 5(S1):63-70.
Betancourt, T.S., Brennan, R., Rubin-Smith, J., Fitzmaurice, R., Gilman, S.E. Sierra Leone’s former child soldiers: a longitudinal study of risk, protective factors, and mental health. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry. 2010;49(6):606-615.
Betancourt, T.S., Smith Fawzi, M.K., Bruderlein, C., Desmond, C., Kim, J. Children Affected by HIV/AIDS: SAFE, A Model for Promoting their Security, Health and Development. Psychology, Health & Medicine. 2010;15(3):243-265.
Betancourt, T.S., Agnew-Blais, J., Gilman, S.E., Ellis, B.H. Past horrors, present struggles: The role of stigma in the association between war experiences and psychosocial adjustment among former child soldiers in Sierra Leone. Social Science & Medicine. 2009;70(1):17-26.
Zraly, M., Betancourt T.S., Rubin-Smith, J. Primary mental health care for survivors of collective sexual violence: findings from Rwanda and implications for services in the great lakes region. Global Public Health. (in press)
Betancourt T.S., Bass J., Borisova, I., Neugebauer, R., Speelman, L., Onyango, G., Neugebauer, R., and Bolton P. Measuring local instrument validity and reliability: A field-based example from Northern Uganda. Journal of Social Psychology and Psychiatric Epidemiology. 2009;44(8):685-92.
Betancourt T., Speelman, L., Onyango, G., Bolton, P. A qualitative study of psychosocial problems of war-affected youth in northern Uganda. Journal of Transcultural Psychiatry. 2009;46(2):238-256.
Betancourt, T.S., Simmons, S., Borisova, I., Brewer, S.E., Iweala, U., de la Soudiere, M. High hopes, grim reality: Reintegration and the education of former child soldiers in Sierra Leone. Comparative Education Review. 2008;52(4):565–587.
Betancourt, T.S. & Khan, K.T. The mental health of children affected by armed conflict: Protective processes and pathways to resilience. Int Rev Psychiatry. Jun 2008;20(3):317-328.
Betancourt, T.S. Child soldiers: reintegration, pathways to recovery, and reflections from the field. J Dev Behav Pediatr. Apr 2008;29(2):138-141.
Betancourt, T.S. & Williams, T. Building an evidence base on mental health interventions for children affected by armed conflict. Intervention: International Journal of Mental Health, Psychosocial Work and Counseling in Areas of Armed Conflict. 2008;6(1):39-56.
Verdeli, H., Clougherty, K., Onyango, G., Betancourt, T.S., et al. Group interpersonal psychotherapy for depressed youth in IDP camps in northern Uganda: Adaptation and training. Child Adolesc Psychiatr Clin N Am. Jul 2008;17(3):605-624.
Bolton, P., Bass, J., Betancourt, T.S., et al. Interventions for depression symptoms among adolescent survivors of war and displacement in northern Uganda: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA. Aug 1 2007;298(5):519-527.
Betancourt, T.S. Stressors, supports and the social ecology of displacement: psychosocial dimensions of an emergency education program for Chechen adolescents displaced in Ingushetia, Russia. Cult Med Psychiatr. Sep 2005;29(3):309-340.
Bolton, P. & Betancourt, T.S. Mental health in postwar Afghanistan. JAMA. Aug 4 2004; 292(5):626-628.
Betancourt, T.S. The IRC's emergency education and recreation for Chechen displaced youth in Ingushetia. Forced Migration Review. 2002;15:28-30.
Stichick, T. The psychosocial impact of armed conflict on children. Rethinking traditional paradigms in research and intervention. Child Adolesc Psychiatr Clin N Am. Oct 2001;10(4):797-814.
Buka, S.L., Stichick, T., Birdthistle, I., Earls, F. Youth exposure to violence: Prevalence, risks, and consequences. Am J Orthopsychiatry. 2001;71(3):298.
Editorials
Betancourt, T.S. Critical issues in mental health research on war-affected children: the need for longitudinal and developmental perspectives. [Editorial]. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry. 2011:50(4):323-5.
Commissioned papers
Betancourt, T.S. & Ettien, A. Transitional Justice and Youth Formerly Associated with Armed Forces and Armed Groups: Acceptance, Marginalization and Psychosocial Adjustment. Innocenti Working Paper No. 2010-#, Florence, UNICEF, Innocenti Research Center.
Betancourt, T.S., Borisova, I., Rubin-Smith, J.E., Gingerich, T., Williams, T., Agnew-Blais, J. Psychosocial adjustment and social reintegration of children associated with armed forces and armed groups: The state of the field and future directions. Austin, TX: Psychology Beyond Borders, 2008.
Stichick, T. & Bruderlein, C. Children Facing Insecurity: New Strategies for Survival in a Global Era. Policy paper produced for the Canadian Department of Foreign Affairs and International Trade, The Human Security Network, 3rd Ministerial Meeting, Petra, Jordan, 11-12 May, 2001.
Reports
Porterfield, K., Akinsulure-Smith, A., Benson, M.A., Betancourt, T.S., Ellis, H.B., Kia-Keating, M., Miller, K. Resilience & Recovery After War: Refugee Children and Families in the United States. Report of the APA Task Force on the Psychosocial Effects of War on Children and Families Who are Refugees from Armed Conflict Residing in the United States. Report for the American Psychological Association, 2010.
Allden, K., Jones, L., Weissbecker, I., Wessells, M., Bolton, P., Betancourt, T.S., Hijazi, Z., Galappatti, A., Yamout, R., Patel, P., Sumathipala, A. Mental Health and Psychosocial Support in Crisis and Conflict: Report of the Mental Health Working Group. Prehospital and Disaster Medicine. Jul-Aug 2009.
Kim, J.Y., Mungherera, L., Belfer, M., Betancourt, T.S, Holman, S.R., and Smith Fawzi, M.C. Integration and Expansion of Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission (PMTCT) of HIV and Early Childhood Intervention Services. Boston, MA: Joint Learning Initiative on Children and HIV/AIDS, Learning Group 3: Expanding Access to Services and Protecting Human Rights; 2008.
Betancourt, T.S. & Borisova, I. Executive summary of research: psychosocial adjustment and social reintegration of child ex-combatants in Sierra Leone. May 2007.
Betancourt, T.S., Gray, A., Bolton, P. A Qualitative Assessment of Trauma Affected Populations in Tamaulipas, Mexico. A report to the Victims of Torture Fund, USAID; 2006.
Betancourt, T.S., Brewer, S., de la Soudiere, M. Holding on to hope: Education, coping, and the struggles of children associated with fighting forces in Sierra Leone. A Report to the International Rescue Committee Children and Youth Protection and Development Program: International Rescue Committee; 2005.
Betancourt, T.S., Pochan, S., de la Soudiere M. Psychosocial adjustment and social reintegration of child ex-soldiers in Sierra Leone: A follow-up analysis. Freetown: International Rescue Committee; 2005.
Betancourt, T.S., Gray, A., Bolton, P. A. Qualitative Assessment of Trauma Affected Populations in Tamaulipas, Mexico. A Report to the Victims of Torture Fund, USAID. 2006
Birman, D., Ho, J., Pulley, E., Batia, K., Everson, M.L., Ellis, H., Betancourt, T.S., Gonzalez, A. Mental Health Interventions for Refugee Children in Resettlement White Paper II. Report for the National Child Traumatic Stress Network by the Refugee Trauma Task Force, 2005.
Betancourt, T.S. & Bolton P. Using Qualitative Methods to Develop a Locally-Derived Measure of Psychosocial Problems in Acholi War-Affected Children: World Vision Uganda; 2005.
Betancourt, T.S. Connectedness, Social Support and Mental Health in Adolescents Displaced by the War in Chechnya. Cambridge, MA: MIT-Mellon Program on NGOs and Forced Migration; 2004.
Betancourt, T.S. & DeSilva, M.B. Psychosocial adjustment and social reintegration of former child combatants in Sierra Leone: A longitudinal study. Report of baseline data assessment. Freetown: International Rescue Committee; 2003.
Betancourt, T.S., Wheaton, W., Yitna, A. Stressors, risk, resilience and psychosocial adjustment among Eritrean Kunama refugee adolescents in Ethiopia: Wave II Report. International Rescue Committee (IRC) Ethiopia; 2002.
Stichick, T. Stressors, risk, resilience and psychosocial adjustment among Eritrean Kunama refugee adolescents in Ethiopia: Report of Baseline Data Collection. International Rescue Committee (IRC) – Ethiopia, March 2001.
Books and Monographs
Betancourt, T. S., Meyers-Ohki, S. E., Stevenson, A., & Mushashi, C. (In press). Applying a Mixed-Methods Model to Planning and Evaluating Child Mental Health Interventions in Sub-Saharan Africa. In M. Tomlinson, C. Hanlon, L. Swartz, P. Cooper & A. Sameroff (Eds.), Infant and child development in Africa: Perspectives from the continent. Cape Town: University of Cape Town Press & United Nations University Press.
Betancourt, T.S., Meyers-Ohki, S. E., Stevenson, A., & Mushashi, C. (In press). Applying a Mixed-Methods Model to Planning and Evaluating Child Mental Health Interventions in Sub-Saharan Africa. In M. Tomlinson, C. Hanlon, L. Swartz, P. Cooper & A. Sameroff (Eds.), Infant and child development in Africa: Perspectives from the continent. Cape Town: University of Cape Town Press & United Nations University Press.
Betancourt, T.S. & Beardslee, W.R. The Consequences of Concentrated Adversity on Child and Adolescent Mental Health. In Maholmes, V. & King, R., eds. The Oxford Handbook of Poverty and Child Development. New York: Oxford University Press. (in press)
Betancourt, T.S., Meyers-Ohki, S.E., Stulac, S.N., Barrera, A.E., Mushashi, C., Beardslee, W.R. Using Mixed-Methods to Plan, Assess, and Evaluate International Mental Health Programs for Children and Families Facing Adversity: The Development of the Family Strengthening Intervention in Rwanda (FSI-R). In: Corbin, J., ed. Children and Families Affected by Armed Conflicts in Africa: Implications and Strategies for Helping Professionals in the United States. Washington, D.C.: National Association of Social Workers Press. (in press)
Betancourt, T.S. The Social Ecology of Resilience in War-Affected Youth: A Longitudinal Study from Sierra Leone. In: Ungar, M. ed. The Social Ecology of Resilience: Culture, Context, Resources, and Meaning. New York: Springer. (in press)
Betancourt, T.S. & Tol, W. Interventions for Children Affected by Armed Conflict: An ecological view. In: Muntasser S, Joshi P, Munoz R, eds. Children and war. New York: Springer. (in press)
Tol, W.A., Jordans, M.J.D., Kohrt, B.A., Betancourt, T.S., Komproe, I.H. Promoting mental health and psychosocial wellbeing in children affected by political violence: current evidence for an ecological resilience approach. In: Handbook on Resilience in Children of War. Fernando, C, Ferrari, M, eds. New York: Springer. (in press)
Betancourt, T.S., Zaeh, S.E., Ettien, A, Khan, L.N. Psychosocial Adjustment and Mental Health Services in Post-conflict Sierra Leone: Experiences of War-affected Youth, Families and Service Providers. In: A New Series on Transitional Justice (title under revision). Parmentier, S, Sarkin, J, Weitekamp, E, eds. Antwerp: Intersentia. (in press)
Betancourt, T.S. Rethinking Resilience and the Mental Health of Children Affected by Armed Conflict: A Focus on Protective Processes. In: Caring For Children in Times of War, Terrorism and Disasters. Laor N, ed. New Haven: Yale University Press. (in press)
Betancourt, T.S. Using Mixed Methods to Plan and Evaluate Mental Health Programs for War-Affected Children in Sub-Saharan Africa. In: African Psychiatry. Kleinman A, Akyeampong E, eds.: Indiana University Press. (in press)
Ellis, H. & Betancourt, T.S. Mental Health and Illness in Immigrants: Children and Adolescents. In: Immigrant Medicine. Walker PF, Barnett ED, eds. Boston, MA: Elsevier Health Sciences; 2007:673-680.
Ellis, H., Rubin, A., Betancourt, T.S., Saxe, G. Mental health interventions for children affected by war or terrorism. In: Violence and Children's Mental Health. Feerick M, ed. Baltimore, MD: Brookes Publishing; 2006.
