46-47. Adolescent gun carrying (a)
We surveyed 7th and 10th graders in inner city schools in Boston and Milwaukee.
Major findings: Almost a quarter of 7th grade boys had already carried a gun, illegally. The overwhelming reason for carrying was self-protection. While guns were easily acquired, the large majority of respondents, and even the majority of those who had already carried a gun, wanted to live in a society where it was impossible for teens to get guns.
Publication: Hemenway, David; Prothrow-Stith, Deborah, Bergstein, Jack M; Ander, Roseanna; Kennedy, Bruce. "Gun Carrying among Adolescents." Law and Contemporary Problems. 1996; 59:39-53.
Publication: Bergstein, Jack M; Hemenway, David; Kennedy, Bruce; Quaday, Sher; Ander, Roseanna. "Guns in Young Hands: A Survey of Urban Teenagers' Attitudes and Behaviors related to Handgun Violence." Journal of Trauma. 1996; 41:794-798

48. Adolescent gun carrying (b)
Using data from the Massachusetts Youth Risk Behavior survey, we analyzed risk factors for adolescent gun carrying.
Major findings: A simple objective measure--whether a student is old for their grade--is an important predictor of gun carrying. This fact may help clinicians identify high-risk students and target prevention strategies.
Publication: Hayes, D Neil; Hemenway, David. "Age-within-School-Class and Adolescent Gun Carrying." Pediatrics electronic pages. 1999; 103:e64.

49. Adolescent gun carrying (c)
We analyzed data from over 1800 youth in Chicago.
Major findings: Aspects of the neighborhood (social disorder, safety, collective efficacy) were important predictors of illegal gun carrying by youth.
Publication: Molnar, Beth; Miller, Matthew; Azrael, Deborah; Buka Steven.  "Neighborhood Predictors of Concealed Firearm Carrying among Children and Adolescents."  Archives of Pediatric Adolescent Medicine.  2004; 158:657-64.

50. Gun carrying and road rage, Arizona
Using data from a telephone survey in Arizona, we examined the relationship between road rage and gun carrying in motor vehicles.
Major findings:  Self-reported hostile actions (e.g. obscene gestures, cursing or shouting, aggressively tailgating) were more common among men, young adults, and individuals who carried a firearm in their car.
Publication: Miller, Matthew; Azrael, Deborah; Hemenway, David; Solop, Frederic I.  "Road Rage in Arizona: Armed and Dangerous?" Accident Analysis and Prevention. 2002; 34:807-814.

51. Gun carrying and road rage, US
Over 2,400 licensed drivers responded to questions about their own aggressive driving in a 2004 national random digit dial survey.
Major findings: Seventeen percent of respondents admitted to making obscene or rude gestures in the past year, and another 9% admitted to aggressively following too closely.  Males, young adults, binge drinkers, those ever arrested for a non-traffic violation, and motorists who had been in a vehicle in which there was a gun, were more likely to engage in such forms of road rage.
Publication: Hemenway, David; Vriniotis, Mary; Miller, Matthew.  "Is an Armed Society a Polite Society? Guns and Road Rage" Accident Analysis and Prevention. 2006; 38:687-95.

52. Gun carrying and drug selling
We analyzed data from interviews of over 200 young men and women at the Rhode Island Correctional Institution.Major findings: Selling crack was highly associated with gun carrying; using hard drugs was not.  Findings provide further evidence of a crack-gun connection.
Publication:  Kacanek, Deborah; Hemenway, David. "Gun Carrying and Drug Selling Among Youth Incarcerated Men and Women." Journal of Urban Health. 2006; 83:266-74.