This work was funded by the National Institutes of Health's National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (1 RO1 HD36865-01) and the Office of Behavioral and Social Science Research (OBSSR) (principal investigator, N. Krieger, PhD).

We thank Dr. Daniel Friedman (former assistant commissioner, Bureau of Health Statistics, Research and Evaluation, Massachusetts Department of Health) and Dr. Jay Buechner (chief, Office of Health Statistics, Rhode Island Department of Health) for facilitating the conduct of this study using data from their respective health departments and for their helpful comments on our manuscripts and this monograph. We likewise thank the following health department staff for their contributions to accessing the study's data and their helpful comments during the formulation of this monograph:

Massachusetts Department of Public Health

Patrice Cummins · Alfred DeMaria · Susan Gershman · Beth Hume · Laurie Janelli · Ann R. MacMillan · Alice Mroszczyk · Mary Mroszczyk · Victoria Vespe Ozonoff · Sharon Sharnprapai · Yuren Tang · Elaine Trudeau · Charlene Zion

Rhode Island Department of Health

Magaly Angeloni · Colleen Caron · Roberta Chevoya · Ted Donnelly · John Fulton · Susan Feeley · Michael Goscminski

We thank David Solet and Jim Allen of the Seattle & King County Department of Public Health for use of the Vista Program to run the early iterations of our analyses.

We also thank Anna Choi, Martha Fay, Michelle Samplin-Salgado, Reginald Tucker, and Ruihua Yin, and our department of health colleagues Patrice Cummins, Beth Hume, and Ted Donnelly for proofreading and pilot testing this monograph.