In Ethiopia, neonatal infections account for the greatest proportion of neonatal deaths, yet data are limited on the etiologies of neonatal sepsis and methods of acquisition are largely unknown in developing country settings. This study focuses on bacterial colonization of pregnant women and newborns with a specific focus on extended-spectrum-beta-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (ESBL-PE), carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE), and group B Streptococcus (GBS) in the community.