Parliamentary Constituency Factsheet for Indicators of Nutrition, Health and Development in India

Rationale

In India, data on key developmental indicators that formulate policies and interventions are routinely available for the administrative units of districts but not for the political units of Parliamentary Constituencies (PC). Members of Parliament (MPs) in the Lok Sabha, each representing 543 PCs as per the 2014 India map, are the representatives with the most direct interaction with their constituents. The MPs are responsible for articulating the vision and the implementation of public policies at the national level and for their respective constituencies. In order for MPs to efficiently and effectively serve their people, and also for the constituents to understand the performance of their MPs, it is critical to produce the most accurate and up-to-date evidence on the state of health and well-being at the PC-level. However, absence of PC identifiers in nationally representative surveys or the Census has eluded an assessment of how a PC is doing with regards to key indicators of nutrition, health and development.

Content

On this website, we report PC estimates for indicators of nutrition, health and development derived from two data sources:

• The National Family Health Survey 4 (NFHS-4) District Factsheets
• The National Sample Survey (NSS), 2010-11, 2011-12, 2014 (Author calculations)

The methodology to produce the PC estimates from district-level data is provided in: “Burden of Child Malnutrition in India: A View from Parliamentary Constituencies.” Further details on the methodology is provided in: “Robust Parliamentary Constituency Estimates: Geographic Data Science Approaches.”

We also provide tables of the PC estimates for over 100 indicators:

• Kim R, Swaminathan A, Swaminathan G, Kumar R, Rajpal S, Blossom J, Joe W, Subramanian S V. 2019. Parliamentary Constituency Factsheet for Indicators of Nutrition, Health and Development in India. HCPDS Working Paper Vol. 18, No. 4.

Mapping Nutrition, Health and Development Indicators for PCs

The PC estimates for each of the indicators are classified into quintiles for map visualizations. Darker and lighter shades of blue and red represent “better off” and “worse off” PCs, respectively, with gray for “average” PCs. The exceptions to this color scheme are marked with * in the indicator list below whereby the indicator does not necessarily have a natural “worst to best” grading. Finally, for each indicator we provide a printable version of the map (without PC names) and a version of the map where users when they zoom in at 400%+ in the PDF can see the PC name and the value of the specific indicator. The suggested citation for any use of the maps in this website is:

• Blossom J, Kumar R, Kim R, Swaminathan A, Swaminathan G, Rajpal S, Joe W, Subramanian S V. 2019. Visualizing Parliamentary Constituency Factsheet for Indicators of Nutrition, Health and Development in India. Cambridge, MA: Harvard Center for Geographic Analysis and Center for Population and Development Studies.

NFHS-4 Parliamentary Constituency Factsheet

Population and Household Profile

• • 1. 1. Population (female) age 6 years and above who ever attended school (%) [PRINT]
       2. Population below age 15 years (%) [PRINT]
       3. Sex ratio of the total population (females per 1,000 males) [PRINT]
       4. Sex ratio at birth for children born in the last five years (females per 1,000 males) [PRINT]
       5. Children under 5 years whose birth was registered (%) [PRINT]
       6. Households with electricity (%) [PRINT]
       7. Households with an improved drinking-water source (%) [PRINT]
       8. Households using improved sanitation facility (%) [PRINT]
       9. Households using clean fuel for cooking (%) [PRINT]
       10. Households using iodized salt (%) [PRINT]
       11. Households with any usual member covered by a health scheme/health insurance (%) [PRINT]
           

           Characteristics of Adults (age 15-49)

       12. Women who are literate (%) [PRINT]
       13. Men who are literate (%) [PRINT]
       14. Women with 10 or more years of schooling (%) [PRINT]
           

           Marriage and Fertility

       15. Women age 20-24 years married before age 18 years (%) [PRINT]
       16. Men age 25-29 years married before age 21 years (%) [PRINT]
       17. Women age 15-19 years who were already mothers or pregnant at the time of the survey (%) [PRINT]
           

           Current Use of Family Planning Methods (current married women age 15–49 years)

       18. Any method (%) [PRINT]
       19. Any modern method (%) [PRINT]
       20. Female sterilization (%) [PRINT]
       21. Male sterilization (%) [PRINT]
       22. IUD/PPIUD (%) [PRINT]
       23. Pill (%) [PRINT]
       24. Condom (%) [PRINT]
           

           Unmet Need for Family Planning (currently married women age 15–49 years)

       25. Total unmet need (%) [PRINT]
       26. Unmet need for spacing (%) [PRINT]
           

           Quality of Family Planning Services

       27. Health worker ever talked to female non-users (%) [PRINT]
       28. Current users ever told about side effects (%) [PRINT]
           

           Maternal and Child Health – Maternity Care (for last birth in the 5 years before the survey)

       29. Mothers who had antenatal check-up in the first trimester (%) [PRINT]
       30. Mothers who had at least 4 antenatal care visits (%) [PRINT]
       31. Mothers whose last birth was protected against neonatal tetanus (%) [PRINT]
       32. Mothers who consumed iron folic acid for 100 days or more when they were pregnant (%) [PRINT]
       33. Mothers who had full antenatal care (%) [PRINT]
       34. Registered pregnancies for which the mother received Mother and Child Protection
           (MCP) card (%) [PRINT]
       35. Mothers who received postnatal care from a doctor/nurse/LHV/ANM/midwife/other health personnel within 2 days of delivery (%) [PRINT]
       36. Mothers who received financial assistance under Janani Suraksha Yojana (JSY) for births delivered in an institution (%) [PRINT]
       37. Average out of pocket expenditure per delivery in public health facility (Rs.) [PRINT]
       38. Children born at home who were taken to a health facility for check-up within 24 hours of birth (%) [PRINT]
       39. Children who received a health check after birth from a doctor/nurse/LHV/ANM/ midwife/other health personnel within 2 days of birth (%) [PRINT]
           

           Delivery Care (for births in the 5 years before the survey)

       40. Institutional births (%) [PRINT]
       41. Institutional births in public facility (%) [PRINT]
       42. Home delivery conducted by skilled health personnel (out of total deliveries) (%) [PRINT]
       43. Births assisted by a doctor/nurse/LHV/ANM/other health personnel (%) [PRINT]
       44. Births delivered by caesarean section (%) [PRINT]
       45. Births in a private health facility delivered by caesarean section (%) [PRINT]
       46. Births in a public health facility delivered by caesarean section (%) [PRINT]
           

           Child Immunizations and Vitamin A Supplementation

       47. Children age 12-23 months fully immunized (BCG, measles, and 3 doses each of polio and DPT) (%) [PRINT]
       48. Children age 12-23 months who have received BCG (%) [PRINT]
       49. Children age 12-23 months who have received 3 doses of polio vaccine (%) [PRINT]
       50. Children age 12-23 months who have received 3 doses of DPT vaccine (%) [PRINT]
       51. Children age 12-23 months who have received measles vaccine (%) [PRINT]
       52. Children age 12-23 months who have received 3 doses of Hepatitis B vaccine (%) [PRINT]
       53. Children age 9-59 months who received a vitamin A dose in last 6 months (%) [PRINT]
       54. Children age 12-23 months who received most of the vaccinations in public health facility (%) [PRINT]
       55. Children age 12-23 months who received most of the vaccinations in private health facility (%) [PRINT]
           

           Treatment of Childhood Diseases (children under age 5 years) (%)

       56. Prevalence of diarrhea (reported) in the last 2 weeks preceding the survey (%) [PRINT]
       57. Children with diarrhea in the last 2 weeks who received oral re-hydration salts (ORS) (%) [PRINT]
       58. Children with diarrhea in the last 2 weeks who received zinc (%) [PRINT]
       59. Children with diarrhea in the last 2 weeks taken to a health facility (%) [PRINT]
       60. Prevalence of symptoms of acute respiratory infection (ARI) in the last 2 weeks preceding the survey (%) [PRINT]
       61. Children with fever or symptoms of ARI in the last 2 weeks preceding the survey taken to a health facility (%) [PRINT]
           

           Child Feeding Practices and Nutritional Status of Children

       62. Children under age 3 years breastfed within one hour of birth (%) [PRINT]
       63. Children under age 6 months exclusively breastfed (%) [PRINT]
       64. Children age 6-8 months receiving solid or semi-solid food and breastmilk (%) [PRINT]
       65. Breastfeeding children age 6-23 months receiving an adequate diet (%) [PRINT]
       66. Non-breastfeeding children age 6-23 months receiving an adequate diet (%) [PRINT]
       67. Total children age 6-23 months receiving an adequate diet (%) [PRINT]
       68. Children under 5 years who are stunted (height-for-age) (%) [PRINT]
       69. Children under 5 years who are wasted (weight-for-height) (%) [PRINT]
       70. Children under 5 years who are severely wasted (weight-for-height) (%) [PRINT]
       71. Children under 5 years who are underweight (weight-for-age) (%) [PRINT]
           

           Nutritional Status of Adults (age 15-49 years)

       72. Women whose Body Mass Index (BMI) is below normal (BMI < 18.5 kg/m2) (%) [PRINT]
       73. Men whose Body Mass Index (BMI) is below normal (BMI < 18.5 kg/m2) (%) [PRINT]
       74. Women who are overweight or obese (BMI ≥ 25.0 kg/m2) (%) [PRINT]
       75. Men who are overweight or obese (BMI ≥ 25.0 kg/m2) (%) [PRINT]
           

           Anemia among Children and Adults

       76. Children age 6-59 months who are anemic (<11.0 g/dl) (%) [PRINT]
       77. Non-pregnant women age 15-49 years who are anemic (<12.0 g/dl) (%) [PRINT]
       78. Pregnant women age 15-49 years who are anemic (<11.0 g/dl) (%) [PRINT]
       79. All women age 15-49 years who are anemic (%) [PRINT]
       80. Men age 15-49 years who are anemic (<13.0 g/dl) (%) [PRINT]
           

           Blood Sugar Level among Adults (age 15-49 years) – Women

       81. Blood sugar level high (>140 mg/dl) (%) [PRINT]
       82. Blood sugar level very high (>160 mg/dl) (%) [PRINT]
           

           Blood Sugar Level among Adults (age 15-49 years) – Men

       83. Blood sugar level high (>140 mg/dl) (%) [PRINT]
       84. Blood sugar level very high (>160 mg/dl) (%) [PRINT]
           

           Hypertension among Adults (age 15-49 years) – Women

       85. Slightly above normal (Systolic 140-159 mm of Hg and/or Diastolic 90-99 mm of Hg) (%) [PRINT]
       86. Moderately high (Systolic 160-179 mm of Hg and/or Diastolic 100-109 mm of Hg) (%) [PRINT]
       87. Very high (Systolic ≥180 mm of Hg and/or Diastolic ≥110 mm of Hg) (%) [PRINT]
           

           Hypertension among Adults (age 15-49 years) – Men

       88. Slightly above normal (Systolic 140-159 mm of Hg and/or Diastolic 90-99 mm of Hg) (%) [PRINT]
       89. Moderately high (Systolic 160-179 mm of Hg and/or Diastolic 100-109 mm of Hg) (%) [PRINT]
       90. Very high (Systolic ≥180 mm of Hg and/or Diastolic ≥110 mm of Hg) (%) [PRINT]
           

           Women Age 15-49 Years Who Have Ever Undergone Examinations of:

       91. Cervix (%) [PRINT]
       92. Breast (%) [PRINT]
       93. Oral cavity (%) [PRINT]

NSS PC Factsheet

Nutrition Profile

• Protein [PRINT]
• Fat [PRINT]
• Carbohydrates [PRINT]
• Energy [PRINT]
• EnergyKcal [PRINT]

Socioeconomic Profile

• MPCE [PRINT]
• Poverty [PRINT]
• GINI [PRINT]

Household Expenditure Profile

• Spending on food [PRINT]
• OOPE per hospitalization [PRINT]
• Hospitalization cases [PRINT]
• CHE [PRINT]
• OOPE per outpatient care [PRINT]

Additional Resources

• Kim, R., Swaminathan, A., Kumar, R., Xu, Y., Blossom, J.C., Venkataramanan, R., Kumar, A., Joe, W. and Subramanian, S.V., 2019. Estimating the Burden of Child Malnutrition across Parliamentary Constituencies in India: A Methodological Comparison. SSM-Population Health, p.100375.
• Subramanian, S.V., Joe, W., & Kim, R. 2018. State of Nutrition among Children in Parliamentary Constituencies of India. Tata Trusts: Mumbai, India.

Last updated: May 14, 2019