Publications

Publications

Shapiro RL. The effects of tropical deforestation on human health. PSR Quarterly. 1993;3:126-35.

Shapiro RL, Altekruse S, Hutwagner L, Bishop R, Hammond R, Wilson S, Ray B, Thompson S, Tauxe RV, Griffin PM. The role of Gulf Coast oysters harvested in warmer months in Vibrio vulnificus infections in the United States, 1988-1996. Vibrio Working Group. J Infect Dis 1998;178(3):752-9.

Shapiro RL, Ackers ML, Lance S, Rabbani M, Schaefer L, Daugherty J, Thelen C. and Swerdlow D. Salmonella Thompson associated with improper handling of roast beef at a restaurant in Sioux Falls, South Dakota. J Food Prot 1999;62:118-22.

Shapiro RL, Otieno MR, Adcock PM, Phillips-Howard PA, Hawley WA, Kumar L, Waiyaki P, Nahlen BL, Slutsker L. Transmission of epidemic Vibrio cholerae O1 in rural western Kenya associated with drinking water from Lake Victoria: an environmental reservoir for cholera? Am J Trop Med Hyg 1999;60(2):271-6.

Villar RG, Shapiro RL, Busto S, Riva-Posse C, Verdejo G, Farace MI, Rosetti F, San Juan JA, Julia CM, Becher J, Maslanka SE, Swerdlow DL. Outbreak of type A botulism and development of a botulism surveillance and antitoxin release system in Argentina. JAMA 1999;281(14):1334-8, 1340.

Shapiro RL, Kumar L, Phillips-Howard P, Wells JG, Adcock P, Brooks J, Ackers ML, Ochieng JB, Mintz E, Wahlquist S, Waiyaki P, Slutsker L. Antimicrobial-resistant bacterial diarrhea in rural western Kenya. J Infect Dis 2001;183(11):1701-4.

Breuer T, Benkel DH, Shapiro RL, Hall WN, Winnett MM, Linn MJ, Neimann J, Barrett TJ, Dietrich S, Downes FP, Toney DM, Pearson JL, Rolka H, Slutsker L, Griffin PM, A multistate outbreak of Escherichia coli O157:H7 infections linked to alfalfa sprouts grown from contaminated seeds. Emerg Infect Dis 2001;7(6):977-82.

Shapiro RL, Lockman S, Thior I, Stocking L, Kebaabetswe P, Wester C, Peter T, Marlink R, Essex M, Heymann SJ. Low adherence to recommended infant feeding strategies among HIV-infected women: results from the pilot phase of a randomized trial to prevent mother-to-child transmission in Botswana. AIDS Educ Prev 2003;15(3):221-30.

Kebaabetswe P, Lockman S, Mogwe S, Mandevu R, Thior I, Essex M, Shapiro RL. Male circumcision: an acceptable strategy for HIV prevention in Botswana. Sex Transm Infect 2003;79(3):214-9.
Brooks JT, Shapiro RL, Kumar L, Wells JG, Phillips-Howard PA, Shi YP, Vulule JM, Hoekstra RM, Mintz E, Slutsker L. Epidemiology of sporadic bloody diarrhea in rural Western Kenya. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2003;68(6):671-7.

Montano M, Russell M, Gilbert P, Thior I, Lockman S, Shapiro R, Chang SY, Lee TH, Essex M. Comparative prediction of perinatal human immunodeficiency virus type 1 transmission, using multiple virus load markers. J Infect Dis 2003;188(3):406-13.
Shapiro RL, Holland DT, Capparelli E, Lockman S, Thior I, Wester C, Stevens L, Peter T, Essex M, Connor JD, and Mirochnick M. Antiretroviral concentrations in breastfeeding infants in Botswana. J Infect Dis 2005; 192:720-7.

Shapiro RL, Ndung’u T, Lockman S, Smeaton LM, Thior I, Wester C, Stevens L, Sebetso G, Gaseitsiwe S, Peter T, Essex M. Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy Started in Pregnancy or Postpartum Suppresses HIV-1 RNA but Not HIV-1 DNA in Breast Milk. J Infect Dis 2005; 192:713-9.

Shapiro RL, Thior I, Gilbert PB, et al. Maternal single-dose nevirapine vs. placebo as part of an antiretroviral strategy to prevent mother-to-child HIV transmission in Botswana. AIDS 2006;20:1281-8.

Brooks JT, Ochieng JB, Kumar L, Okoth G, Shapiro RL, Wells JG, Bird M, Bopp C, Chege W, Beatty ME, Chiller T, Vulule JM, Mintz E, Slutsker L. Surveillance for Bacterial Diarrhea and Antimicrobial Resistance in Rural Western Kenya, 1997-2003. Clin Infect Dis 2006;43:393-401.

Thior I, Lockman S, Smeaton LM, Shapiro RL, Wester C, Heymann SJ, Gilbert PB, Stevens L, Peter T, Kim S, van Widenfelt E, Moffat C, Ndase P, Arimi P, Kebaabetswe P, Mazonde P, Makhema J, McIntosh K, Novitsky V, Lee TH, Marlink R, Lagakos S, Essex M and the Mashi Study Team. Breastfeeding Plus Infant Zidovudine Prophylaxis for 6 Months vs Formula Feeding Plus Infant Zidovudine for 1 Month to Reduce Mother-to-Child HIV Transmission in Botswana. JAMA 2006;296:794-805.

Thior I, Gabaitiri L, Grimes J, Shapiro R, Lockman S, Kim S, Kebaabetswe P, Garmey E, Montano M, Peter T, Chang SY, Marlink R, Essex M. Voluntary counseling and testing among post-partum women in Botswana. Patient Educ Counsel 2007;65:296-302.

Lockman S, Shapiro RL, Smeaton LM, Wester C, Thior I, Stevens L, Chand F, Makhema J, Moffat C, Asmelash A, Ndase P, Arimi P, van Widenfelt E, Mazhani L, Novitsky V, Lagakos S, Essex M. Response to antiretroviral therapy after a single, peripartum dose of nevirapine. N Engl J Med 2007;356(2):135-47.

Shapiro RL, Lockman S, Kim S, Smeaton L, Rahkola JT, Thior I, Wester C, Moffat C, Arimi P, Ndase P, Asmelash A, Stevens L, Montano M, Makhema J, Essex M, and Janoff EN. Infant Morbidity, Mortality, and Breast Milk Immunologic Profiles among Breastfeeding HIV-Infected and HIV-Uninfected Women in Botswana. J Infect Dis 2007; 196:562-9.

Bae WH, Wester C, Shapiro RL, Lockman S, Onyait K, Thior I, Essex M. Hematologic and Hepatic Toxicities Associated with Antenatal and Postnatal Exposures to Maternal HAART in Infants in Botswana. AIDS 2008;22:1633-40.

Shapiro RL, Smeaton L, Lockman, S, Thior I, Rossenkhan R, Wester C,  Stevens L, Moffat C, Arimi P, Ndase P, Asmelash A, Leidner J, Novitsky V, Makhema J, Essex M. Early and Late Risk Factors for HIV-transmission from Breastfeeding among Infants Born to HIV-infected Women in a Randomized Clinical Trial in Botswana. J Infect Dis 2009; 199:414-8.

Shipton LK, Wester CW, Stock S, Ndwapi N, Gaolathe T, Thior I, Avalos A, Moffat HJ,  Mboya JJ, Widenfelt E, Essex M, Hughes MD, Shapiro RL. Safety and Efficacy of Nevirapine and Efavirenz-Based Antiretroviral Therapy in Adults Treated for HIV and Tuberculosis Co-Infection in Botswana. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2009;13:360–366.

Kawashima Y, Pfafferott K,  Frater J, Matthews P, Payne, Addo M, Gatanaga H, Fujiwara M, Hachiya A, Koizumi H, Kuse N, Oka S, Brumme Z, Brumme C, Allen T, Brander C, Kaslow R, Tang J, Hunter E, Allen S, Mulenga J, Branch S, Roach T, John M, Mallal S,  Ogwu A, Shapiro R, Duda A, Prendergast A, Crawford H, Leslie A, Prado J, Pybus OG, Klenerman P, Ndung’u T, Phillips R, Heckerman D, Harrigan PR, Walker BD, Takiguchi M, Goulder P.  Adaptation of HIV-1 to HLA 1. Nature 2009;458(7238):641-5.

Rossenkhan R, Ndung’u T, Sebunya TK, Hagan JE, Shapiro R, Novitsky V, Moyo SM, Thior I, Lockman S, Mitchell R, Kim S, Musonda R, van Widenfelt E, Makhema J, Essex M. Temporal reduction of HIV type 1 viral load in breast milk by single-dose nevirapine during prevention of MTCT. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. 2009 Dec;25(12):1261-4.

Novitsky V, Wang R, Bussmann H, Lockman S, Baum M, Shapiro R, Thior I, Wester C, Wester CW, Ogwu A, Asmelash A, Musonda R, Campa A, Moyo S, van Widenfelt E, Mine M, Moffat C, Mmalane M, Makhema J, Marlink R, Gilbert P, Seage GR 3rd, DeGruttola V, Essex M. HIV-1 subtype C-infected individuals maintaining high viral load as potential targets for the “test-and-treat” approach to reduce HIV transmission. PLoS One. 2010 Apr 12;5(4):e10148.

Katz I, Shapiro R, Li D, Govindarajulu U, Thompson B, Watts H, Hughes MD, Tuomala R. Risk Factors for Detectable HIV-1 RNA at Delivery Among Women Receiving Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy in the Women and Infants Transmission Study. JAIDS 2010;54:27-34.

Chen J, Ogwu A, Svab P, Lockman S, Moffat H, Gaolathe T, Moilwa S, Størdal K, Dryden-Peterson S, Moffat C, Makhema J, Essex M, Shapiro RL. Antiretroviral Treatment Initiation Among HIV-Infected Pregnant Women with Low CD4+ Cell Counts in Gaborone, Botswana. JAIDS 2010;54:102–106.

Shapiro RL, Hughes MD, Ogwu A, Kitch D, Lockman S, Moffat C, Makhema J, Moyo S, Thior I, McIntosh K, van Widenfelt E, Leidner J, Powis K, Asmelash A, Tumbare E, Zwerski S, Sharma U, Handelsman E, Mburu K, Jayeoba O, Moko E, Souda S, Lubega E, Akhtar M, Wester C, Tuomola R, Snowden W, Martinez-Tristani M, Mazhani L, and Essex M. Antiretroviral Regimens in Pregnancy and Breastfeeding in Botswana. N Engl J Med 2010; 362:2282-94.

Powis K, Smeaton L, Ogwu A, Lockman S, Dryden-Peterson S, van Widenfelt E, Leidner J, Makhema J, Essex M, and Shapiro RL. Effects of in utero antiretroviral exposure on longitudinal growth of HIV-exposed uninfected infants in Botswana. JAIDS 2010; Feb;56(2):131-8.

Plank RM, Makhema J, Kebaabetswe P, Hussein F, Lesetedi C, Halperin D, Bassil B, Shapiro R, Lockman S. Acceptability of infant male circumcision as part of HIV prevention and male reproductive health efforts in Gaborone, Botswana, and surrounding areas. AIDS Behav. 2010 Oct;14(5):1198-202.

Powis KM, Kitch D, Ogwu A, Hughes MD, Lockman S, Leidner J, van Widenfelt E, Moffat C, Moyo S, Makhema J, Essex M, Shapiro RL. Increased risk of preterm delivery among HIV-infected women randomized to start protease inhibitor-based therapy in pregnancy. J Infect Dis 2011; 204(4):506-14.

Matthews PC, Adland E, Listgarten J, Leslie A, Mkhwanazi N, Carlson JM, Harndahl M, Stryhn A, Payne RP, Ogwu A, Huang KH, Frater J, Paioni P, Kloverpris H, Jooste P, Goedhals D, van Vuuren C, Steyn D, Riddell L, Chen F, Luzzi G, Balachandran T, Ndung’u T, Buus S, Carrington M, Shapiro R, Heckerman D, Goulder PJ. HLA-A*7401-mediated control of HIV viremia is independent of its linkage disequilibrium with HLA-B*5703. J Immunol. 2011 May 15;186(10):5675-86.

Dryden-Peterson S, Shapiro RL, Hughes MD, Powis K, Ogwu A, Moffat C, Moyo S, Makhema J, Essex M, Lockman S. Increased Risk of Severe Infant Anemia After Exposure to Maternal HAART, Botswana. JAIDS 2011;56:428–436 (PMC1266910).

Rossenkhan R, Novitsky V, Sebunya TK, Leidner J, Hagan JE, Moyo S, Smeaton L, Lockman S, Musonda R, Ndung’u T, Gaseitsiwe S, Thior I, Mmalane M, Makhema J, Essex M, Shapiro R. Infant Feeding Practices were not Associated with Breast Milk HIV-1 RNA Levels in a Randomized Clinical Trial in Botswana. AIDS Behav. 2011 Sep 7.

Parekh N, Ribaudo H, Souda S, Chen J, Mmalane M, Powis K, Essex M, Makhema J, Shapiro RL. Risk factors for very preterm delivery and delivery of very-small-for-gestational-age infants among HIV-exposed and HIV-unexposed infants in Botswana. Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 2011 Oct;115(1):20-5.

Macleod IJ, O’Donnell B, Moyo S, Lockman S, Shapiro RL, Kayembe M, van Widenfelt E, Makhema J, Essex M, Wester C. Prevalence of human papillomavirus genotypes and associated cervical squamous intraepithelial lesions in HIV-infected women in Botswana.

J Med Virol. 2011 Oct;83(10):1689-95.
Dryden-Peterson S, Jayeoba O, Hughes MD, Jibril H, Keapoletswe K, Tlale J, Modise TA, Asmelash A, Moyo S, van Widenfelt E, Makhema J, Essex M, Shapiro RL, Lockman S. Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy Versus Zidovudine for Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission in a Programmatic Setting, Botswana. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2011 Nov 1;58(3):353-357.

Matthews LT, Ribaudo HJ, Parekh NK, Chen JY, Binda K, Ogwu A, Makhema J, Souda S, Lockman S, Essex M, Shapiro RL. Birth weight for gestational age norms for a large cohort of infants born to HIV-negative women inBotswana compared with norms for U.S.-born black infants. BMC Pediatr. 2011 Dec 16;11:115.

Carlson JM, Listgarten J, Pfeifer N, Tan V, Kadie C, Walker BD, Ndung’u T, Shapiro R, Frater J, Brumme ZL, Goulder PJ, Heckerman D. Widespread impact of HLA restriction on immune control and escape pathways of HIV-1. J Virol 2012;86(9):5230-43.

Shapiro RL, Souda S, Parekh N, Binda K, Kayembe M, Lockman S, Svab P, Babitseng O, Powis K, Jimbo W, Creek T, Makhema J, Essex M, Roberts DJ. High Prevalence of Hypertension and Placental Insufficiency, but No In Utero HIV Transmission, among Women on HAART with Stillbirths in Botswana. PLoS One. 2012;7(2):e31580.

MacLeod I, Rowley CF, Lockman S, Ogwu A, Moyo S, Widenfelt E, Mmalane M, Makhema J, Essex M, and Shapiro RL. Abacavir alters the transcription of inflammatory cytokines in virologically suppressed, HIV-infected women. J Int AIDS Soc. 2012;15(2):17393. doi: 10.7448/IAS.15.2.17393.

Chen JY, Ribaudo HJ, Souda S, Parekh N, Ogwu A, Lockman S, Powis K, Dryden-Peterson S, Creek T, Jimbo W, Madidimalo T, Makhema J, Essex M, Shapiro RL. Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy and Adverse Birth Outcomes Among HIV-Infected Women in Botswana. J Infect Dis 2012;206:1695-1705.

Matthews PC, Listgarten J, Carlson JM, Payne R, Huang KH, Frater J, Goedhals D, Steyn D, van Vuuren C, Paioni P, Jooste P, Ogwu A, Shapiro R, Mncube Z,Ndung’u T, Walker BD, Heckerman D, Goulder PJ. Co-Operative Additive Effects between HLA Alleles in Control of HIV-1. PLoS One. 2012;7(10):e47799.

Shapiro RL, Rossi S, Ogwu A, Moss M, Leidner J, Moffat C, Lockman S, Moyo S, Makhema J, Essex M, Capparelli E. Therapeutic levels of lopinavir in late pregnancy and abacavir passage into breast milk, in the Mma Bana Study, Botswana. Antivir Ther. 2012 Nov 26. doi: 10.3851/IMP2474.

Plank RM, Ndubuka NO, Wirth KE, Mwambona JT, Kebaabetswe P, Bassil B, Lesetedi C, Hussein FM, Magetse J, Nkgau M, Makhema J, Mmalane M, Creek T, Powis KM, Shapiro R, Lockman S. A Randomized Trial of Mogen Clamp versus Plastibell for Neonatal Male Circumcision in Botswana. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2013 Jan 10. [Epub ahead of print]

Powis KM, McElrath TF, Hughes MD, Ogwu A, Souda S, Datwyler SA, von Widenfelt E, Moyo S, Nádas M, Makhema J, Machakaire E, Lockman S, Essex M, Shapiro RL. High Viral Load and Elevated Angiogenic Markers Associated with Increased Risk of Preeclampsia among Women Initiating Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART) in Pregnancy in the Mma Bana Study, Botswana. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2013; 62:517–524.

Souda S, Gaseitsiwe S, Georgette N, Powis K, Moremedi D, Iketleng T, Leidner J, Moffat C, Ogwu A, Lockman S, Moyo S, Mmalane M, Musonda R, Makhema J, Essex M, Shapiro RL. No Clinically Significant Drug Resistance Mutations In HIV-1 subtype C Infected Women After Discontinuation Of NRTI-Based Or PI-Based HAART For PMTCT In Botswana. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2013;63:572-77.

Shapiro RL, Kitch D, Ogwu A, Hughes M, Lockman S, Powis K, Souda S, Moffat C, Moyo S, McIntosh K, Widenfelt E, Zwerski S, Mazhani L, Makhema J, Essex M. HIV transmission and 24-month survival in a randomized trial of HAART to prevent MTCT during pregnancy and breastfeeding in Botswana (The Mma Bana Study). AIDS. 2013;27:1911-20.

Zash RM, Ajose-Popoola O, Stordal K, Souda S, Ogwu A, Dryden-Peterson S, Powis K, Lockman S, Makhema J, Essex M, Shapiro RL. Risk Factors for Mortality among HIV-exposed and HIV-unexposed Infants admitted to a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit in Botswana. J Paediatr Child Health. 2014;50(3):189-95.

Dryden-Peterson S, Jayeoba O, Hughes MD, Jibril H, McIntosh K, Modise TA, Asmelash A, Powis KM, Essex M, Shapiro RL, Lockman S. Cotrimoxazole Prophylaxis and Risk of Severe Anemia or Severe Neutropenia in HAART-Exposed, HIV-Uninfected Infants. PLoS One. 2013;8(9):e74171.

Plank RM, Wirth KE, Ndubuka NO, Abdullahi R, Nkgau M, Lesetedi C, Powis KM, Mmalane M, Makhema J, Shapiro R, Lockman S. Single-arm evaluation of the AccuCirc device for early infant male circumcision in Botswana. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2014;66(1):1-6.

Payne RP, Branch S, Kløverpris H, Matthews PC, Koofhethile CK, Strong T, Adland E, Leitman E, Frater J, Ndung’u T, Hunter E, Haubrich R, Mothe B, Edwards A, Riddell L, Chen F, Harrigan PR, Brumme ZL, Mallal S, John M, Jooste JP, Shapiro R, Deeks SG, Walker BD, Brander C, Landis C,Carlson JM, Prado JG, Goulder PJ. Differential escape patterns within the dominant HLA-B*57:03-restricted HIV Gag epitope reflect distinct clade-specific functional constraints. J Virol. 2014 May;88(9):4668-78.

Powis K, Lockman S, Smeaton L, Hughes MD, Fawzi W, Ogwu A, Moyo S, van Widenfelt E, von Oettingen J, Makhema J, Essex M, Shapiro RL.Vitamin D Insufficiency in HIV-Infected Pregnant Women Receiving Antiretroviral Therapy is not associated with Morbidity, Mortality or Growth Impairment in Their Uninfected Infants in Botswana. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2014;33:1141-7.

Carlson JM, Schaefer M, Monaco DC, Batorsky R, Claiborne DT, Prince J, Deymier MJ, Ende ZS, Klatt NR, DeZiel CE, Lin TH, Peng J, Seese AM, Shapiro R, Frater J, Ndung’u T, Tang J, Goepfert P, Gilmour J, Price MA, Kilembe W, Heckerman D, Goulder PJ, Allen TM, Allen S, Hunter E. HIV transmission. Selection bias at the heterosexual HIV-1 transmission bottleneck. Science. 2014 Jul 11;345(6193):1254031. doi: 10.1126/science.1254031. Epub 2014 Jul 10.

Ciaranello AL, Leroy V, Rusibamayila A, Freedberg KA, Shapiro R, Engelsmann B, Lockman S, Kelly KA, Dabis F, Walensky RP. Individualizing the WHO HIV and infant feeding guidelines: optimal breastfeeding duration to maximize infant HIV-free survival. AIDS. 2014 Jul;28 Suppl 3:S287-99.

Dreyden-Petersen S, Lockman S, Zash R, Lei, Q, Chen JY, Souda S, Petlo C, Dintwa E, Lebelonyane R, Mmalane M, Shapiro RL.  Initial Programmatic Implementation of WHO Option B in Botswana Associated with Increased Projected MTCT. JAIDS, 2014;68(3):245-9.

Payne R, Muenchhoff M, Mann J, Roberts HE, Matthews P, Adland E, Hempenstall A, Huang KH, Brockman M, Brumme Z, Sinclair M, Miura T, Frater J, Essex M, Shapiro R, Walker BD, Ndung’u T, McLean AR, Carlson JM, Goulder PJ. Impact of HLA-driven HIV adaptation on virulence in populations of high HIV seroprevalence. Proc Natl Acad Sci, 2014;111:E5393-400.

Dryden-Peterson S, Bennett K, Hughes MD, Veres A, John O, Pradhananga R, Boyer M, Brown C, Sakyi B, van Widenfelt E, Keapoletswe K, Mine M, Moyo S, Asmelash A, Siedner M, Mmalane M, Shapiro RL, Lockman S. An augmented SMS intervention to improve access to antenatal CD4 testing and ART initiation in HIV-infected pregnant women: a cluster randomized trial. PLoS One. 2015;10:e0117181.

Tchetgen E, Phiri K, Shapiro RL. A Simple Regression-based Approach to Account for Survival Bias in Birth Outcomes Research. Epidemiology. 2015;26:(epub ahead of print).

Adland E, Paioni P, Thobakgale C, Laker L, Mori L, Muenchhoff M, Csala A, Clapson M, Flynn J, Novelli V, Hurst J, Naidoo V, Shapiro R, Huang KH, Frater J, Prendergast A, Prado JG, Ndung’u T, Walker BD, Carrington M, Jooste P, Goulder PJ. Discordant Impact of HLA on Viral Replicative Capacity and Disease Progression in Pediatric and Adult HIV Infection. PLoS Pathog. 2015 Jun 15;11(6):e1004954.

Matthews PC, Beloukas A, Malik A, Carlson JM, Jooste P, Ogwu A, Shapiro R, Riddell L, Chen F, Luzzi G, Jaggernath M, Jesuthasan G, Jeffery K, Ndung’u T, Goulder PJ, Geretti AM, Klenerman P. Prevalence and Characteristics of Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) Coinfection among HIV-Positive Women in South Africa and Botswana. PLoS One. 2015 Jul 28;10(7):e0134037.

Matthews PC, Carlson JM, Beloukas A, Malik A, Jooste P, Ogwu A, Shapiro R, Riddell L, Chen F, Luzzi G, Jesuthasan G, Jeffery K, Jojic N, Ndung’u T, Carrington M, Goulder PJ, Geretti AM, Klenerman P. HLA-A is a Predictor of Hepatitis B e Antigen Status in HIV-Positive African Adults. J Infect Dis 2015. Dec 9. pii: jiv592. [Epub ahead of print]

Zash RM, Shapiro RL, Leidner J, Wester C, McAdam AJ, Hodinka RL, Thior I, Moffat C, Makhema J, McIntosh K, Essex M, Lockman S. The aetiology of diarrhoea, pneumonia and respiratory colonization of HIV-exposed infants randomized to breast- or formula-feeding. Paediatr Int Child Health. 2016 Jan 29:1-9.

Zash R, Souda S, Chen JY, Binda K, Dryden-Peterson S, Lockman S, Mmalane M, Makhema J, Essex M, Shapiro R. Reassuring Birth Outcomes with Tenofovir/Emtricitabine/Efavirenz used for Prevention of Mother to Child Transmission of HIV in Botswana. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2016 Apr 1;71(4):428-36.

Powis KM, Smeaton L, Hughes MD, Tumbare EA, Souda S, Jao J, Wirth KE, Makhema, J, Lockman S, Fawzi W, Essex M, Shapiro RL. In-utero triple antiretroviral exposure associated with decreased growth among HIV-exposed uninfected infants in Botswana. AIDS 2016,30:211-220.

Perry ME, Kalenga K, Francois Watkins L, Mukaya JE, Powis KM, Bennett K, Mmalane M, Makhema J, Shapiro RL. HIV-related mortality at a district hospital in Botswana. Int J STD AIDS. 2016 May 9. pii: 0956462416646492. [Epub ahead of print].

Carlson JM, Du VY, Pfeifer N, Bansal A, Tan VY, Power K, Brumme CJ, Kreimer A, DeZiel CE, Fusi N, Schaefer M, Brockman MA, Gilmour J, Price MA, Kilembe W, Haubrich R, John M, Mallal S, Shapiro R, Frater J, Harrigan PR, Ndung’u T, Allen S, Heckerman D, Sidney J, Allen TM, Goulder PJ, Brumme ZL, Hunter E, Goepfert PA. Impact of pre-adapted HIV transmission. Nat Med. 2016 May 16. doi: 10.1038/nm.4100. [Epub ahead of print].

Ogwu A, Moyo S, Powis K, Asmelash A, Lockman S, Moffat C, Leidner J, Makhema J, Essex M, Shapiro R. Predictors of Early Breastfeeding Cessation among HIV-infected women in Botswana. Trop Med Int Health. 2016;21:1013-18.

Sudfeld CR, Lei Q, Chinyanga Y, Tumbare E, Khan N, Dapaah-Siakwan F, Sebaka A, Sibiya J, van Widenfelt E, Shapiro RL, Makhema J, Fawzi WW, Powis KM. Linear Growth Faltering Among HIV-Exposed Uninfected Children. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2016 Apr 21. [Epub ahead of print]

Zash R, Souda S, Leidner J, Ribaudo H, Binda K, Moyo S, Powis KM, Petlo C, Mmalane M, Makhema J, Essex M, Lockman S, Shapiro R. HIV-exposed children account for more than half of 24-month mortality in Botswana. BMC Pediatr 2016 Jul 21;16:103. doi: 10.1186/s12887-016-0635-5. [Epub ahead of print]

Johnson KM, Zash R, Haviland MJ, Hacker MR, Luckett R, Diseko M, Mayondi G, Shapiro R. Hypertensive disease in pregnancy in Botswana: Prevalence and impact on perinatal outcomes. Pregnancy Hypertens 2016 Oct;6(4):418-22.

Smith ER, Muhihi A, Mshamu S, Sudfeld CR, Noor RA, Spiegelman D, Shapiro RL, Masanja H, Fawzi W. The effect of neonatal vitamin A supplementation on morbidity and mortality at 12 months: a randomized trial. Int J Epidemiol 2016 Dec 1;45(6):2112-21.

Zash RM, Souda S, Leidner J, Binda K, Hick C, Powis K, Makhema J, Mmalane M, Essex M, Lockman S, Shapiro RL. High Proportion of Deaths Attributable to HIV Among Postpartum Women in Botswana Despite Widespread Uptake of Antiretroviral Therapy. AIDS Patient Care STDS 2017;1:14-19.

Ajibola G, Zash R, Shapiro RL, Batlang O, Botebele K, Bennett K, Chilisa F, Widenfelt EV, Makhema J, Lockman S, Holmes LB, Powis KM. Detecting congenital malformations – Lessons learned from the Mpepu study, Botswana. PLoS One 2017 Mar 24;12(3):e0173800.

Perry ME, Kalenga K, Watkins LF, Mukaya JE, Powis KM, Bennett K, Mmalane M, Makhema J, Shapiro RL. HIV-related mortality at a district hospital in Botswana. Int J STD AIDS 2017 Mar;28(3):277-83.

Ibrahim M, Moyo S, Mohammed T, Mupfumi L, Gaseitsiwe S, Maswabi K, Ajibola G, Gelman R, Batlang O, Sakoi M, Auletta-Young C, Makhema J, Lockman S, Shapiro RL. High Sensitivity and Specificity of the Cepheid Xpert® HIV-1 Qualitative Point-of-Care Test among Newborns in Botswana. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2017;75(5):e128-31.

Sharp CP, Gregory WF, Hattingh L, Malik A, Adland E, Daniels S, van Zyl A, Carlson JM, Wareing S, Ogwu A, Shapiro R, Riddell L, Chen F, Ndung’u T, Goulder PJR, Klenerman P, Simmonds P, Jooste P, Matthews PC. PARV4 prevalence, phylogeny, immunology and coinfection with HIV, HBV and HCV in a multicentre African cohort. Wellcome Open Res 2017;2:26. PMCID: PMC5423528.

Lockman S, Hughes M, Powis K, Ajibola G, Bennett K, Moyo S, van Widenfelt E, Leidner J, McIntosh K, Mazhani L, Makhema J, Essex M, Shapiro R. Effect of co-trimoxazole on mortality in HIV-exposed but uninfected children in Botswana (the Mpepu Study): a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet Glob Health 2017;5(5):e491-e500.

Zash RM, Jacobson D, Diseko M, Mayondi G, Mmalane M, Essex M, Petlo, Lockman S, Makhema J, Shapiro RL. The comparative safety of antiretroviral treatment regimens in pregnancy. JAMA Pediatr 2017;171(10):e172222. PMCID: PMC5726309.

Gatanaga H, Brumme ZL, Adland E, Reyes-Terán G, Avila-Rios S, Mejía-Villatoro CR, Hayashida T, Chikata T, Van Tran G, Van Nguyen K, Meza RI, Palou EY, Valenzuela-Ponce H, Pascale JM, Porras-Cortés G, Manzanero M, Lee GQ, Martin JN, Carrington MN, John M, Mallal S, Poon AFY, Goulder P, Takiguchi M, Oka S, and the International HIV Adaptation Collaborative [Soto-Nava M, Garcia-Morales C, Lorenzana I, Byakwaga H, Bangsberg D, Shapiro R, Frater J]. Potential for immune-driven viral polymorphisms to compromise antiretroviral-based preexposure prophylaxis for prevention of HIV-1 infection. AIDS 2017;31(14):1935-43.

Powis KM, Souda S, Lockman S, Ajibola G, Bennett K, Leidner J, Hughes MD, Moyo S, van Widenfelt E, Jibril HB, Makhema J, Essex M, Shapiro RL. Cotrimoxazole prophylaxis was associated with enteric commensal bacterial resistance among HIV-exposed infants in a randomized controlled trial, Botswana. J Int AIDS Soc 2017,20:e25021. PMCID: PMC5810322.

Arikawa S, Rollins N, Jourdain G, Humphrey J, Kourtis AP, Hoffman I, Essex M, Farley T, Coovadia HM, Gray G, Kuhn L, Shapiro R, Leroy V, Bollinger RC, Onyango-Makumbi C, Lockman S, Marquez C, Doherty T, Dabis F, Mandelbrot L, Le Coeur S, Rolland M, Joly P, Newell ML, Becquet R. Contribution of maternal ART and breastfeeding to 24-month survival in HIV-exposed uninfected children: an individual pooled analysis of African and Asian studies. Clin Infect Dis 2018 May 17;66(11):1668-77. PMCID: PMC5961296.

Caniglia EC, Zash R, Jacobson DL, Diseko M, Mayondi G, Lockman S, Chen J, Mmalane M, Makhema J, Hernán MA, Shapiro RL. Emulating a target trial of antiretroviral therapy regimens started before conception and risk of adverse birth outcomes. AIDS 2018;32:113-120.

Chaudhury S, Mayondi GK, Williams PL, Leidner J, Shapiro R, Diseko M, Ajibola G, Holding P, Tepper V, Makhema J, Petlo C, Seage GR 3rd, Lockman S, Kammerer B. In-utero exposure to antiretrovirals and neurodevelopment among HIV-exposed-uninfected children in Botswana. AIDS 2018 Jun 1;32(9):1173-83. PMCID: PMC5945299.

Mallampati D, MacLean RL, Shapiro R, Dabis F, Engelsmann B, Freedberg KA, Leroy V, Lockman S, Walensky R, Rollins N, Ciaranello A. Optimal breastfeeding durations for HIV-exposed infants: the impact of maternal ART use, infant mortality and replacement feeding risk. J Int AIDS Soc 2018 Apr;21(4):e25107. PMCID: PMC5904528.

Zash R, Rough K, Jacobson DL, Diseko M, Mayondi G, Mmalane M, Essex M, Petlo C, Lockman S, Makhema J, Shapiro RL. Effect of Gestational Age at Tenofovir-Emtricitabine-Efavirenz Initiation on Adverse Birth Outcomes in Botswana. J Pediatric Infect Dis Soc 2018;7(3):e148-51.

Powis KM, Lockman S, Ajibola G, Hughes MD, Bennett K, Leidner J, Batlang O, Botebele K, Moyo S, van Widenfelt E, Makhema J, Petlo C, Jibril HB, McIntosh K, Essex M, Shapiro RL. Similar HIV protection from four weeks of zidovudine versus nevirapine prophylaxis among formula-fed infants in Botswana. South Afr J HIV Med 2018;19:751.

Ibrahim M, Maswabi K, Ajibola G, Moyo S, Hughes MD, Batlang O, Sakoi M, Auletta-Young C, Vaughan L, Lockman S, Jean-Philippe P, Yu X, Lichterfeld M, Kuritzkes DR, Makhema J, Shapiro RL. Targeted HIV testing at birth supported by low and predictable mother-to-child transmission risk in Botswana. J Int AIDS Soc 2018;21(5):e25111.

Zash R, Jacobson DL, Diseko M, Mayondi G, Mmalane M, Essex M, Gaolethe T, Petlo C, Lockman S, Holmes LB, Makhema J, Shapiro RL. Comparative safety of dolutegravir-based or efavirenz-based antiretroviral treatment started during pregnancy in Botswana: an observational study. Lancet Glob Health 2018;6:e804-10.

Kacanek D, Williams PL, Mayondi G, Holding P, Leidner J, Moabi K, Tepper V, Nichols S, Makhema J, Jibril H, Maididimalo T, Shapiro R, Lockman S, Kammerer B. Pediatric Neurodevelopmental Functioning Following in utero Exposure to Triple-NRTI vs. Dual-NRTI + PI ART in a Randomized Trial, Botswana. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2018 Nov 1;79(3):e93-100. PMCID: PMC6354587.

Ajibola G, Leidner J, Mayondi GK, van Widenfelt E, Madidimalo T, Petlo C, Moyo S, Mmalane M, Williams PL, Cassidy AR, Shapiro R, Kammerer B, Lockman S. HIV Exposure and Formula Feeding Predict Under-2 Mortality in HIV-Uninfected Children, Botswana. J Pediatr 2018;203:68-75.e2. PMCID: PMC6252117.

Kershaw C, Williams M, Kilaru S, Zash R, Kalenga K, Masole F, Shapiro R, Barak T. Audit of Early Mortality among Patients Admitted to the General Medical Ward at a District Hospital in Botswana. Ann Glob Health 2019 Mar 4;85(1):22. PMCID: PMC6997521.

Moraka NO, Moyo S, Mayondi G, Leidner J, Ibrahim M, Smith C, Weinberg A, Li S, Thami PK, Kammerer B, Ajibola G, Musonda R, Shapiro R, Gaseitsiwe S, Lockman S. Cytomegalovirus Viremia in HIV-1 Subtype C Positive Women at Delivery in Botswana and Adverse Birth/Infant Health Outcomes. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2019 May 1;81(1):118-24.

Caniglia EC, Zash R, Swanson SA, Wirth KE, Diseko M, Mayondi G, Lockman S, Mmalane M, Makhema J, Dryden-Peterson S, Kponee-Shovein KZ, John O, Murray EJ, Shapiro RL. Methodological Challenges When Studying Distance to Care as an Exposure in Health Research. Am J Epidemiol 2019 Sep 1;188(9):1674-1681. PMCID: PMC6735874.

Palmer DS, Turner I, Fidler S, Frater J, Goedhals D, Goulder P, Huang KG, Oxenius A, Phillips R, Shapiro R, Vuuren CV, McLean AR, McVean G. Mapping the drivers of within-host pathogen evolution using massive data sets. Nat Commun 2019 Jul 9;10(1):3017.

Makhema J, Wirth KE, Pretorius Holme M, Gaolathe T, Mmalane M, Kadima E, Chakalisa U, Bennett K, Leidner J, Manyake K, Mbikiwa AM, Simon SV, Letlhogile R, Mukokomani K, van Widenfelt E, Moyo S, Lebelonyane R, Alwano MG, Powis KM, Dryden-Peterson SL, Kgathi C, Novitsky V, Moore J, Bachanas P, Abrams W, Block L, El-Halabi S, Marukutira T, Mills LA, Sexton C, Raizes E, Gaseitsiwe S, Bussmann H, Okui L, John O, Shapiro RL, Pals S, Michael H, Roland M, DeGruttola V, Lei Q, Wang R, Tchetgen Tchetgen E, Essex M, Lockman S. Universal Testing, Expanded Treatment, and Incidence of HIV Infection in Botswana. N Engl J Med 2019 Jul 18;381(3):230-242.

Zash R, Holmes L, Diseko M, Jacobson DL, Brummel S, Mayondi G, Isaacson A, Davey S, Mabuta J, Mmalane M, Gaolathe T, Essex M, Lockman S, Makhema J, Shapiro RL. Neural-Tube Defects and Antiretroviral Treatment Regimens in Botswana. N Engl J Med. 2019 Aug 29;381(9):827-40. PMCID: PMC6995896.

Cassidy AR, Williams PL, Leidner J, Mayondi G, Ajibola G, Makhema J, Holding PA, Powis KM, Batlang O, Petlo C, Shapiro R, Kammerer B, Lockman S. In Utero Efavirenz Exposure and Neurodevelopmental Outcomes in HIV-exposed Uninfected Children in Botswana. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2019 Aug;38(8):828-34.

Shava E, Moyo S, Zash R, Diseko M, Dintwa EN, Mupfumi L, Mabuta J, Mayondi G, Chen JY, Lockman S, Mmalane M, Makhema J, Shapiro R. High Rates of Adverse Birth Outcomes in HIV and Syphilis Coinfected Women in Botswana. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2019 Aug 15;81(5):e135-40.

Patel SM, Jallow S, Boiditswe S, Madhi SA, Feemster KA, Steenhoff AP, Arscott-Mills T, Muthoga C, Ajibola G, Shapiro R, Shah SS, Cunningham CK, Kelly MS. Placental Transfer of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Antibody Among HIV-Exposed, Uninfected Infants. J Pediatric Infect Dis Soc. 2019 Sep 24:piz056.

Luckett R, Mogowa N, Li HJ, Erlinger A, Hacker MR, Esselen K, Feldman S, Shapiro R, Morroni C, Ramogola-Masire D. Performance of Two-Stage Cervical Cancer Screening With Primary High-Risk Human Papillomavirus Testing in Women Living With Human Immunodeficiency Virus. Obstet Gynecol 2019 Oct;134(4):840-9. PMCID: PMC6768725.

Sania A, Sudfeld CR, Danaei G, Fink G, McCoy DC, Zhu Z, Fawzi MCS, Akman M, Arifeen SE, Barros AJD, Bellinger D, Black MM, Bogale A, Braun JM, van den Broek N, Carrara V, Duazo P, Duggan C, Fernald LCH, Gladstone M, Hamadani J, Handal AJ, Harlow S, Hidrobo M, Kuzawa C, Kvestad I, Locks L, Manji K, Masanja H, Matijasevich A, McDonald C, McGready R, Rizvi A, Santos D, Santos L, Save D, Shapiro R, Stoecker B, Strand TA, Taneja S, Tellez-Rojo MM, Tofail F, Yousafzai AK, Ezzati M, Fawzi W. Early life risk factors of motor, cognitive and language development: a pooled analysis of studies from low/middle-income countries. BMJ Open. 2019 Oct 3;9(10):e026449. PMCID: PMC6797384.

Luo R, Boeras D, Broyles LN, Fong Y, Hsiao NY, Kiyaga C, Mazanderani AH, Myer L, Shapiro R, Sherman G, Penazzato M, Doherty M, Vojnov L. Use of an Indeterminate Range in HIV Early Infant Diagnosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2019 Nov 1;82(3):281-6.

Lesosky M, Raboud JM, Glass T, Brummel SS, Ciaranello AL, Currier JS, Essajee S, Havlir DV, Koss CA, Ogwu A, Shapiro RL, Abrams EJ, Myer L. Comparison of guidelines for HIV viral load monitoring among pregnant and breastfeeding women in sub-Saharan Africa: a simulation study. AIDS 2020 Feb 1;34(2):311-5. PMCID: PMC7060505.

Smith C, Moraka NO, Ibrahim M, Moyo S, Mayondi G, Kammerer B, Leidner J, Gaseitsiwe S, Li S, Shapiro R, Lockman S, Weinberg A. HIV Exposure but Not Early CMV Infection Is Associated with Increased Hospitalization and Decreased Memory T-Cell Responses to Tetanus Vaccine. J Infect Dis 2020 Mar 16;221(7):1167-75. PMCID: PMC7075416.

Koofhethile CK, Moyo S, Kotokwe KP, Mokgethi P, Muchoba L, Mokgweetsi S, Gaolathe T, Makhema J, Shapiro R, Lockman S, Kanki P, Essex M, Gaseitsiwe S, de Oliveira T, Novitsky V. Undetectable proviral deoxyribonucleic acid in an adolescent perinatally infected with human immunodeficiency virus-1C and on long-term antiretroviral therapy resulted in viral rebound following antiretroviral therapy termination: A case report with implications for clinical care. Medicine (Baltimore) 2019 Nov;98(47):e18014. PMCID: PMC6882625.

Garcia-Broncano P, Maddali S, Einkauf KB, Jiang C, Gao C, Chevalier J, Chowdhury FZ, Maswabi K, Ajibola G, Moyo S, Mohammed T, Ncube T, Makhema J, Jean-Philippe P, Yu XG, Powis KM, Lockman S, Kuritzkes DR, Shapiro R, Lichterfeld M. Early antiretroviral therapy in neonates with HIV-1 infection restricts viral reservoir size and induces a distinct innate immune profile. Sci Transl Med 2019 Nov 27;11(520):eaax7350.

Barak T, Neo DT, Tapela N, Mophuthegi P, Zash R, Kalenga K, Perry ME, Malane M, Makhema J, Lockman S, Shapiro R. HIV-associated morbidity and mortality in a setting of high ART coverage: prospective surveillance results from a district hospital in Botswana. J Int AIDS Soc 2019 Dec;22(12):e25428.

Maswabi K, Ajibola G, Bennett K, Capparelli EV, Jean-Philippe P, Moyo S, Mohammed T, Batlang O, Sakoi M, Lockman S, Makhema J, Lichterfeld M, Kuritzkes DR, Hughes MD, Shapiro RL. Safety and efficacy of starting antiretroviral therapy in the first week of life. Clin Infect Dis 2020 Jan 12:ciaa028. [Epub ahead of print]