Publications

International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health, December 2023: This study examines and quantifies seasonal patterns in menstrual cycle length of over 17,000 participants in the Apple Women’s Health Study.

Nature Digital Medicine, May 2023: Menstrual characteristics are important signs of overall health. Here we examine the variation of menstrual cycle length by age, ethnicity, and body weight using cycles from over 12,000 participants in the Apple Women’s Health Study.

Nature Digital Medicine, November 2022: COVID-19 vaccination may be associated with change in menstrual cycle length following vaccination. We estimated covariate-adjusted differences in mean cycle length (MCL), measured in days, between pre-vaccination cycles, vaccination cycles, and post-vaccination cycles within vaccinated participants who met eligibility criteria in the Apple Women’s Health Study, a longitudinal mobile-application-based cohort of people in the U.S. with manually logged menstrual cycles.

American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, October 2022: This study aimed to identify abnormal uterine bleeding patterns and their prevalence and confirm existing and expected associations between abnormal uterine bleeding patterns, demographics, and medical conditions.

American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, May 2022: This publication examines the effects of factors related to the COVID-19 pandemic, through March 2021, on attempting conception status. It also assesses effect measure modification by education level and subjective social status (SSS).

American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, October 2021: The Apple Women’s Health Study was designed to gain a deeper understanding of the relationship among menstrual cycles, health, and behavior. This paper describes the design and methods of the ongoing Apple Women’s Health Study and provides the demographic characteristics of the first 10,000 participants.