Citation: Windle, G., Markland, D. A., & Woods, R. T. (2008). Examination of a theoretical model of psychological resilience in older age. Aging and Mental Health, 12(3), 285-292.
PMID or DOI: PMID: 18728940, DOI: 10.1080/13607860802120763
Main positive psychological well-being construct measured: Resilience
Sub-constructs measured: Self-esteem, interpersonal control, competence
Available subscales: N/A
Description: The Psychological Resilience scale was developed based on the theory that an overarching construct unites personality traits that indicate psychological resilience, protecting individuals in the face of adversity and leading to positive adaptive behavior. Individual scales for self-esteem (Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale), interpersonal and socio-political control (Spheres of Control Scales), and personal competence (Resilience Scale – Wagnild and Young) were combined to yield a broader measure of psychological resilience; statistical analyses were used to determine a single underlying factor and the 19 items that best fit the single factor model were retained for the final measure.
Number of items: 19
Example statement/item: “I have a number of good qualities”
Response options: Separate response options for the three underlying scales for self-esteem: 5-point scale ranging from strongly agree=1 to strongly disagree=5; control: 7-point scale ranging from strongly agree=1 to strongly disagree=7; and personal competence: 7-point scale ranging from strongly disagree=1 to strongly agree=7
Total score: Scores are summed within each underlying scale, and then combined for a total score.