The short-chain fatty acid propionate increases glucagon and FABP4 production, impairing insulin action in mice and humans.
Tirosh A, Calay ES, Tuncman G, Claiborn KC, Inouye KE, Eguchi K, Alcala M, Rathaus M, Hollander KS, Ron I, Livne R, Heianza Y, Qi L, Shai I, Garg R, Hotamisligil GS.
Sci Transl Med. 2019 04 24. 11(489). PMID: 31019023